Indicator Functions
This section describes many of the indicator functions that can be used in BullScript. Many of these indicators are written in BullScript themselves, and use the alias attribute to make themselves available to other scripts.
Accumulation Swing Index
Usage
ASWING(LIMITMOVE)
- limitmove
- Limit on movement.
Description
Calculates the accumulation swing index, with the given limit on movement.
Developed by Welles Wilder, the Accumulation Swing Index compares current prices and previous prices to illustrate the ‘real’ price of a security. It is the cumulative total of another indicator also developed by Wilder, known as the Swing Index
Example
aswing(2.0)
See Also
Accumulation/Distribution
Usage
AD()
Description
Calculates the accumulation/distribution indicator according to this formula: sum((((C – L) – (H – C))/(H – L))*V)
The accumulation distribution formula is an improved On Balance Volume indicator. This indicator uses a relationship between volume and prices to estimate the strength of price movements. If the volume is increased, there is a high probability that prices will move up.
See Also
On Balance Volume | Chaikin Accumulation/Distribution Oscillator
Aroon Down
Usage
AROONUP(N) AROONDOWN(N)
- n
- The number of bars used to calculate Aroon.
Description
AroonUp and AroonDown calculate the ‘up’ and ‘down’ portion respectively of the Aroon indicator, developed by Tushar Chande, over n bars.
Example
aroonup(24)
aroondown(24)
Average Directional Movement
Usage
ADX(N)
- n
- The number of bars used to calculate Average Directional Movement.
Description
Calculates Wilder’s Average Directional Movement indicator over n bars.
Wilder’s Average Directional Movement is used to evaluate the strength of the current trend, be it up or down. Low readings, below 20, indicate a weak trend and high readings, above 40, indicate a strong trend. The indicator does not grade the trend as bullish or bearish, but merely assesses the strength of the current trend.
Example
adx(14)
See Also
Average True Range
Usage
ATR(N)
- n
- The number of bars used to calculate Average True Range.
Description
Calculates the Average True Range indicator over n bars.
Average True Range is an indicator that measures commitment comparing the range between high, low and close prices. This indicator was developed by J. Welles Wilder.
Example
atr(24)
See Also
Bollinger Bands
Usage
BBANDTOP(EXPR,N,METHOD,DEVIATIONS) BBANDBOT(EXPR,N,METHOD,DEVIATIONS)
- expr
- The data that the bollinger bands will be calculated over. Typically closing price.
- n
- The number of periods used to calculate the bands.
- method
- The moving average method used.
- deviations
- The number of standard deviations that the band will be away from the moving average line.
Description
BBandTop and BBandBot calculate the top and bottom line respectively of the Bollinger Band for expr over n periods, using the given number of deviations.
Example
bbandbot(C,14,S,1)
Chaikin Accumulation/Distribution Oscillator
Usage
CO()
Description
Calculates the Chaiking Accumulation/Distribution Oscillator.
The Chaikin Oscillator indicator is the difference between a 3-day exponential moving average and a 10-day exponential moving average applied to Accumulation Distribution.
See Also
Chaikin’s Money Flow
Usage
CMF(N)
- n
- The number of periods to calculate the money flow over.
Description
Calculates Chakin�s Money Flow over n periods.
Chaikin Money Flow compares total volume to the closing price and the daily highs and lows to determine how many issues are bought and sold of a particular security.
Example
cmf(14)
Chande Momentum Oscillator
Usage
CMO(EXPR,N)
- expr
- The data to use when calculating CMO.
- n
- The number of periods to calculate the CMO over.
Description
Calculates the Chande Momentum Oscillator for expr over n periods. The Chande Momentum Oscillator is an advanced momentum oscillator calculated using linear regression techniques.
Example
cmo(C,21)
Commodity Channel Index
Usage
CCI(N)
- n
- The number of periods to calculate the CCI over.
Description
Calculates the Commodity Channel Index indicator for n periods. The Commodity Channel Index compares Prices with its moving averages.
Example
cci(21)
Commodity Selection Index
Usage
CSI(N,VALUE,MARGIN,COMMISSION)
- n
- The number of periods to calculate the CSI over.
- value
- The value to use
- margin
- The margin to use
- commission
- The commission to use
Description
Calculates Wilder’s Commodity Selection Index over n periods, using the given value, margin, and commission.
Example
csi(21,80,1800,20)
See Also
Coppock
Usage
Coppock(EXPRESSION)
- expression
- The data to use for the Coppock curve calculation. Close is typically used.
Description
The Coppock function calculates the Coppock Curve indicator using the data specified by expression.
It is one of the few indicators to signal the tops of markets. However, like many oscillators there can be premature signals particularly in bull markets. The Coppock Curve was developed by Edwin Sedgwick Coppock in 1962. It was designed against a closing monthly index such as the All Ords or Dow Jones monthly chart to indicate overall market trends.
Example
{Calculate the change in the coppock curve over the last six months}
[period=Monthly]
coppock(Close)-hist(coppock(Close),6);
Double Exponential Moving Average (DEMA)
Usage
DEMA(EXPR,N)
- n
- Number of periods.
- expr
- Data to calculate over.
Description
Calculates the Double Exponential Moving Average indicator.
Example
dema(close,21)
See Also
Directional Movement Index
Usage
DX(N)
- n
- Number of periods.
Description
Calculates Wilder’s Directional Movement Index.
Example
dx(21)
See Also
Directional Movement Rating
Usage
ADXR(N)
- n
- Number of periods.
Description
Calculates Wilder’s ADXR Directional Movement Rating.
Example
adxr(21)
See Also
Ease Of Movement
Usage
EMV(N,METHOD)
- n
- Number of periods.
- method
- Moving average method.
Description
Calculates the Ease of Movement over n periods, using the moving average method given for method. Ease of Movement deals with relationship between volume and price changes.
Forecast
Usage
FORECAST(EXPR,N,AHEAD)
- expr
- Data to evaluate.
- n
- Number of points used in linear regression.
- ahead
- Number of bars to look ahead.
Description
Performs an n tick linear regression over expr, and returns the forecasted value for ahead ticks into the future.
Forecast Oscillator
Usage
FORECASTOSC(EXPR,N)
- expr
- Data to evaluate.
- n
- Number of bars.
Description
Calculates the Forecast Oscillator for expr, over n periods.
Example
forecastosc(CLOSE,21)
Fractal Dimension
Usage
FRACTALDIM(EXPR,N)
- expr
- The data that will be interpreted. Eg: Close.
- n
- The number of periods sampled for each calculation.
Description
Approximates the fractal dimension of expr over the last nbars. Results will be between 1 and 2. The fractal dimension is a measure of randomness, where 1.5 is maximum randomness, and higher or lower values indicate order.
The Hurst exponent can be related to the fractal dimension as:
Hursh exponent = 2 – fractal dimension.
The algorithm used is based on the method described in “A procedure to Estimate the Fractal Dimension of Waveforms” by Carlos Sevcik, 1998.
Example
fractaldim(C,30)
Hull ActTrade ROAR
Usage
HULLATROAR(CUTOFF,SLIQ,OLIQ)
- cutoff
- If the ROAR falls below this level, it will drop back to zero. Typically 80.
- sLiq
- Starting liquidity. The liquidity required to start the ROAR. Typically 3.5M.
- oLiq
- Ongoing liquidity. The liquidity required to sustain the ROAR. Typically 5M.
Description
HullAtROAR calculate Alan Hulls Active Trading Rate of Annual Return indicator. Note that there is no entry parameter for HullAtROAR. Refer to Alan Hull’s Active Trading course notes for more information.
Example
hullroar(80,3500000,5000000)
See Also
Hull ActVest ROAR
Usage
HULLROAD(ENTRY,CUTOFF,SLIQ,OLIQ)
- entry
- The ROAD must fall below this level to start. Typically -30.
- cutoff
- If the ROAD rises above below this level, it will drop back to zero. Typically -20.
- sLiq
- Starting liquidity. The liquidity required to start the ROAD. Typically 12M.
- oLiq
- Ongoing liquidity. The liquidity required to sustain the ROAD. Typically 10M.
Description
HullROAD calculate Alan Hulls Active Investing Rate of Annual Decline indicator. Refer to Alan Hull’s Active Investing course notes for more information.
Example
hullroad(-30,-20,12000000,10000000)
See Also
Hull ActVest ROAR
Usage
HULLROAR(ENTRY,CUTOFF,SLIQ,OLIQ)
- entry
- The ROAR must reach this level to start. Typically 30.
- cutoff
- If the ROAR falls below this level, it will drop back to zero. Typically 20.
- sLiq
- Starting liquidity. The liquidity required to start the ROAR. Typically 12M.
- oLiq
- Ongoing liquidity. The liquidity required to sustain the ROAR. Typically 10M.
Description
HullROAR calculate Alan Hulls Active Investing Rate of Annual Return indicator. Refer to Alan Hull’s Active Investing course notes for more information.
Example
hullroar(30,20,12000000,10000000)
See Also
Inertia
Usage
INERTIA(N,SMOOTHING)
- n
- Number of periods.
- smoothing
- RVI periods.
Description
Calculates Donald Dorsey’s Inertia indicator over n periods, using the given smoothing.
Intraday Momentum Index
Usage
IMI(N)
- n
- number of periods.
Description
Calculates the Intraday Momentum Index over n periods.
The Intraday Momentum Index (IMI) was developed by Tushar Chande. The calculation of the IMI is very similar to the RSI (Relative Strength Index), except it uses the relationship between the intraday opening and closing prices to determine whether the day is ‘up’ or ‘down.’ If the close is above the open, it is an up day. If the close is below the open it is a down day. Therein lies its tie to candlestick charting. For those familiar with candlestick charting, the IMI separates the black and white candlesticks and performs a RSI calculation on the candlestick bodies.
Example
imi(21)
See Also
Keltner
Usage
KELTNERTOP(N) KELTNERBOT(N)
- n
- The number of periods used to calculate the bands.
Description
KeltnerTop and KeltnerBot calculate the top and bottom line respectively of the Keltner Channel, for the given number of periods.
The Keltner Channel indicator is used to identify overbought / oversold conditions as well as the trend strength of a market. When an asset’s price is closer to the upper band than the lower band, the market is considered overbought. Conversely, when an asset’s price is closer to the bottom band than the upper band, the market is considered oversold. An advantage of Keltner Channel analysis compared to other indicators used to analyze trend strength is that market lag is not as pronounced because Keltner Channels are extremely sensitive to fluctuations in volatility.
Example
keltnertop(10)
Klinger Oscillator
Usage
KVO(N)
- n
- EMA signal periods.
Description
Calculates the Klinger Oscillator for the current bar. The Klinger Oscillator measures trends of money flows based upon volume.
MACD
Usage
MACD()
Description
Calculates the MACD indicator. The MACD is approximately the difference between the 12 and 26 bar exponential moving averages. (The calculation of the moving averages is slightly non-standard).
See Also
Market Facilitation Index
Usage
MARKETFACINDEX()
Description
Calculates the Market Facilitation Index according to the formula: (high – low)/volume
Mass Index
Usage
MASS(N)
- n
- Number of periods.
Description
Calculates the Mass indicator over n periods.
The Mass index, described by Donald Dorsey, is developed to predict trend reversal by comparing difference and range between high and low prices. If the Mass index is going up, the range between high and low is bigger. If the Mass index is going down, the range between high and low is smaller.
Example
mass(21)
Median Price
Usage
MP(N)
Description
Calculates the median price according to the formula: (high+low)/2. Importantly, this is not the same as the Statistical Median.
See Also
MESA Adaptive Moving Average
Usage
MAMA()
Description
Calculates the MESA Adaptive Moving Average.
Midpoint
Usage
MID(EXPR[,N])
Description
Calculates the midpoint of the range of expr over the last n bars, or over the entire dataset if n is not given.
Example
mid(CLOSE,21) will return the midpoint between the highest close and lowest close over the last 21 periods.
mid(CLOSE) will return the midpoint of the close price over the entire dataset.
See Also
Median Price | Statistical Median
Minus Directional Movement (-DI)
Usage
MDI(N)
- n
- Number of periods.
Description
Calculates the Minus Directional Movement indicator over n periods.
Example
mdi(14)
See Also
Momentum
Usage
MO(EXPR[,N])
- expr
- Momentum will be calculated over this data. Eg: Close.
- n
- Number of periods.
Description
Calculates the Momentum indicator over n periods according to the formula: (expr/hist(expr,n))*100
Example
mo(14)
Money Flow Index
Usage
MFI(N)
- n
- Number of periods.
Description
Calculates the Money Flow Index over n periods.
The money flow indicator compares upward changes and downward changes of the volume weighted typical prices. This indicator is similar to the relative strength index, with the difference being the volume weighted prices.
Example
mfi(14)
See Also
Relative Strength Index | Relative Volatility Index | Typical price
Moving Average
Usage
MA(EXPR,N[,METHOD])
- expr
- The data that will be averaged. Eg: Close.
- n
- The length of the moving average, specified in bars (ticks).
- method
- The type of the moving average (eg Simple). See the table below.
Description
Calculates an n-period moving average of expr, using the given moving average method. If method is not given, then a simple moving average will be calculated.
Example
ma(C,21,SIMPLE) will calculate a 21-period simple moving average of the close price.
Moving Average Methods
Either the keywords or abbreviations listed below may be used as a method. You can also get method as a parameter by using the InputMA function.
| Keyword | Abbreviation | Description |
|---|---|---|
ELASTICVOLUMEWEIGHTED |
ELASTIC |
Elastic Volume Weighted moving average. |
ENDPOINT |
EP |
End Point moving average. |
EXPONENTIAL |
E |
Exponential moving average. Strongest weighting is given to the last day bars, and decaying in an exponential fashion. |
SIMPLE |
S |
Simple moving average. Traditional moving average. Equal weighting is assigned to each tick. |
TIMESERIES |
T |
Time-Series moving average. A moving average based on linear regression. |
TRIANGULAR |
TRI |
Triangular moving average. Similar to running two identical simple moving averages over each other. |
WEIGHTED |
W |
Weighted moving average. |
WILDERS |
WI |
Wilder’s moving average. A form of exponential moving average used by Wilder to make calculating by-hand easier. |
VARIABLE |
V |
Variable moving average. |
VOLUMEADJUSTED |
VOL |
Volume-Adjusted moving average. |
ZEROLAG |
ZERO |
Zero-Lag moving average. |
See Also
Negative Volume Index
Usage
NVI()
Description
Calculates the Negative Volume Index.
See Also
On Balance Volume
Usage
OBV(EXPR)
- expr
- The data that will be examined for increases and decreases. Typically Close.
Description
Calculates the On Balance Volume indicator, using the specified data to determine movement.
On Balance Volume was one of the first volume indicators to measure positive and negative volume flows. Volume is added if expr moves up and subtracted if the expr price moves down. The On Balance Volume indicator was developed by Joseph Granville.
Example
obv(C)
Parabolic SAR
Usage
SAR(STEP,MAXIMUM)
- step
- Rate of acceleration.
- maximum
- Maximum change per bar.
Description
Calculates Wilder’s Parabolic Stop and Reverse indicator.
Example
sar(0.01,0.25)
Peak
Usage
PEAK(N,EXPR,CH)
- n
- The number of peaks ago.
- expr
- The data being processed.
- ch
- The % change required for the zig zag function.
Description
Returns the value of expr at n peaks ago, as determined by the Zig Zag function.
Example
peak(1,H,8) returns the value of High at the last peak on a 8% ZigZag on High.
See Also
PeakBars | Trough | TroughBars | ZigZag
PeakBars
Usage
PEAKBARS(N,EXPR,CH)
- n
- The number of peaks ago.
- expr
- The data being processed.
- ch
- The % change required for the zig zag function.
Description
Returns the number of bars since the nth peak ago occured for expr, as determined by the Zig Zag function.
Example
peakbars(1,H,8) returns the number of bars since the last peak on a 8% ZigZag on High
See Also
Peak | Trough | TroughBars | ZigZag
Performance
Usage
PER(EXPR)
- expr
- Performance will be calculated on this data.
Description
Calculates the performance of expr since the beginning of the dataset. The performance is the percentage that expr has changed since the beginning of the dataset.
Example
per(Close)
Plus Directional Movement (+DI)
Usage
PDI(N)
- n
- Number of periods.
Description
Calculates the Plus Directional Movement indicator over n periods.
Example
pdi(14)
See Also
Positive Volume Index
Usage
PVI()
Description
Calculates the Positive Volume Indicator.
See Also
Price Channel
Usage
PRICECHANNELHIGH(N) PRICECHANNELLOW(N)
- n
- Number of bars used in calculation.
Description
PRICECHANNELHIGH and PRICECHANNELLOW calculate the top and bottom line of an n-period Price Channel indicator respectively. That is, the highest high and lowest low of the trailing n bars.
Example
pricechannelhigh(21)
pricechannellow(21)
Price Oscillator
Usage
OSCP(N1,N2,METHOD,DIFFTYPE)
- n1
- Length of first moving average used in calculation.
- n2
- Length of first moving average used in calculation.
- method
- Type of moving average, such as exponential.
- difftype
- Points or percent.
Description
The Price Oscillator calculates difference between two moving averages of length n1 and n2, calculated using the method moving average method. The result is either given as a percent or as a value, depending on the value of difftype used.
Example
oscp(14,21,SIMPLE,POINTS)
See Also
InputROC | MACD | Volume Oscillator
Price Volume Trend
Usage
PVT()
Description
Calculates the Price & Volume Trend indicator, which is the cumulative volume total, calculated using relative changes of the close price.
Projection Band
Usage
PROJBANDTOP(N) PROJBANDBOT(N)
- n
- Number of periods used in calculation.
Description
PROJBANDTOP and PROJBANDBOT calculates the top and bottom of the n-period projection band respectively.
Projection Bands are calculated by finding the minimum and maximum prices over the specified number of days and projecting these forward. The results consists of two bands representing the minimum and maximum price boundaries. Prices will always be contained by the bands, unlike Bollinger Bands.
Example
projbandtop(21)
projbandbot(21)
See Also
Projection Oscillator
Usage
PROJOSC(N,SMOOTHING)
- n
- Number of periods used in initial calculation.
- smoothing
- Number of days used in smoothing average.
Description
Calculates the Projection Oscillator for n periods, with the specified smoothing. The Projection Oscillator shows where the current price is relative to the Projection bands.
See Also
Qstick
Usage
QSTICK(N,METHOD)
- n
- Number of periods used in calculation.
- method
- Moving average method
Description
Calculates the Q-Stick indicator. Developed by Tushar Chande as a way to quantify candlesticks, the QStick indicator is a moving average of the difference between the opening and closing prices of an issue.
The formula used to calculate Q-Stick is: ma(close-open,n,method)
Example
qstick(21)
Rally
Usage
RALLY()
Description
Returns 1 when the current bar rallies from the previous one, and a 0 otherwise. A bar rallies when its high price is greater than the previous bar’s high price, and its low price is greater than or equal to the previous bar’s low price.
Rally with Volume
Usage
RALLYWITHVOL()
Description
Returns 1 when the current bar rallies with volume from the previous one, and a 0 otherwise. A bar rallies with volume if it rallies, and its volume is higher than for the previous bar.
Random Walk Index
Usage
RWI()
Description
Michael Poulos developed the Random Walk Index in an effort to find an indicator that overcomes the effects of a fixed look-back period and the drawbacks of traditional smoothing methods.
The Random Walk Index is based on the basic geometric concept that the shortest distance between two points is a straight line. The further prices stray from a straight line during a move between two points in time, the less efficient the movement.
Range Indicator
Usage
RANGEINDICATOR(N,SMOOTHING)
Description
Calculates the Range Indicator, developed by Jack Weinberg, over n periods, with the specified smoothing.
Example
rangeindicator(21,4)
Rate of Change
Usage
ROC(EXPR,N,DIFFMETHOD)
- expr
- Input data used in calculation.
- n
- Number of periods used in calculation.
- diffmethod
- Either points or percent.
Description
Calculates the rate of change of expr at the current bar to what it was n bars ago. Diffmethod maybe percent, in which case the difference will be a percentage, or points in which case the difference will be the number of points moved.
Example
roc(CLOSE,14,POINTS)
See Also
Reaction
Usage
REACTION()
Description
Returns 1 when the current bar is in reaction from the previous one, and a 0 otherwise. A bar is in reaction when its high price is less than or equal to the previous bar’s high price, and its low price is less than the previous bar’s low price.
Reaction with Volume
Usage
REACTIONWITHVOL()
Description
Returns 1 when the current bar is in reaction with volume from the previous one, and a 0 otherwise. A bar is in reaction with volume when it is in reaction, and the current bar�s volume is greater than the previous bar�s volume.
Relative Strength Index
Usage
RSI(N)
- n
- Number of periods used in calculation.
Description
Calculates the Relative Strength Index for n periods.
The Relative Strength index was developed by J. Welles Wilder. It is a momentum oscillator that compares upward movements of the close price with downward movements, resulting in a value which ranges between 0 and 100.
Example
rsi(21)
See Also
Money Flow Index | Relative Volatility Index
R-Squared Indicator
Usage
RSQUARED(EXPR,N)
- expr
- Input data used in calculation.
- n
- Number of bars used in calculation.
Description
Calculated the R-Squared indicator over expr.
Example
rsquared(CLOSE,14)
Stochastic Momentum
Usage
STOCHMOMENTUM(KPERIODS,SMOOTHING,DOUBLESMOOTHING,DPERIODS,METHOD)
- kperiods
- %K Time periods
- smoothing
- %K Smoothing period
- doublesmoothing
- %K Double smoothing
- dperiods
- %D Time periods
- method
- %D Moving Average Method
Description
Calculates the Stochastic Momentum for expr using the given settings.
The Stochastic Oscillator provides you with a value showing the distance the current close is relative to the recent n-period high/low range, the SMI shows you where the C is relative to the midpoint of the recent n-period high/low range. The result is an oscillator that ranges between +/- 100 and is a bit less erratic than an equal period Stochastic Oscillator.
Example
stochmomentum(5,3,3,3,SIMPLE)
See Also
Stochastic Oscillator
Usage
STOCH(N,SLOWING)
- n
- Number of periods used in the main calculation.
- slowing
- Number of periods used in the ‘slowing’ smoothing average.
Description
Calculates the Stochastic Oscillator over n periods, using the given number of periods slowing.
Example
stoch(8,5)
See Also
Swing Index
Usage
SWING(LIMIT)
- limit
- Limit of movement.
Description
Calculates the Swing Index indicator with the given limit of movement.
This indicator assigns a Swing Index value from 0 to 100 for an up bar and 0 to -100 for a down bar. This indicator uses the current bar’s open, high,low and close as well as the previous bar’s open and close to calculate the Swing Index values.
Example
swing(7.5)
See Also
TEMA
Usage
TEMA(EXPR,N)
- expr
- Input data used in calculation.
- n
- Number of periods used in calculation.
Description
Calculates the TEMA indicator for expr over the last n periods. TEMA is a composite of a single, double, and triple exponential moving average.
Example
tema(close,14)
See Also
Time Series Forecast
Usage
TSF(EXPR,N)
- expr
- Input data used in calculation.
- n
- Number of periods used in calculation.
Description
Calculates the n-period time series forecast of expr.
Example
tsf(close,14)
TRIX
Usage
TRIX(N)
- n
- Number of periods used in calculation.
Description
Calculates the n-period TRIX indicator.
Example
trix(14)
Trough
Usage
TROUGH(N,EXPR,CH)
- n
- The number of troughs ago.
- expr
- The data being processed.
- ch
- The % change required for the zig zag function.
Description
Returns the value of expr at n troughs ago, as determined by the Zig Zag function.
Example
trough(1,L,8) returns the value of Low at the last trough on a 8% ZigZag on Low.
See Also
Peak | PeakBars | TroughBars | ZigZag
TroughBars
Usage
TROUGHBARS(N,EXPR,CH)
- n
- The number of troughs ago.
- expr
- The data being processed.
- ch
- The % change required for the zig zag function.
Description
Returns the number of bars since the nth trough ago occured for expr, as determined by the Zig Zag function.
Example
troughbars(1,L,8) returns the number of bars since the last trough on a 8% ZigZag on Low.
See Also
Peak | PeakBars | Trough | ZigZag
True Range
Usage
TR
Description
The TR function calculates the True Range of the current bar.
True Range is a measurement of range developed by Welles Wilder to take into account gaps between bars. The range is normally considered to be the difference between the high price and the low price, but Wilder determined that an overnight move price should also be considered.
The true range is calculated as follows:
- Calculate the absolute difference between the current high and the current low price
- Calculate the absolute difference between the current high and the previous close price
- Calculate the absolute difference between the current low and the previous close price
- The largest of these three values is the True Range
Example
{A crude stop drawn one True Range below the low price}
[target=Price]
Low – TR;
See Also
Typical Price
Usage
TYPICAL()
- n
- Number of periods used in calculation.
Description
Calculates the typical price, according to the formula: (High + Low + Close)/3
Ultimate Oscillator
Usage
ULTIMATE(N1,N2,N3)
- n1
- First cycle length.
- n2
- Second cycle length.
- n3
- Third cycle length.
Description
Calculates the Ultimate Oscillator, using n1, n2, and n3 as cycle lengths.
The ultimate oscillator calculates the sums of the True Ranges of the number of bars specified by the inputs n1, n2, and n3. These sums are divided into the sums of the distance from the close to the low. This value is weighted for the three lengths to give the final result.
Vertical Horizontal Filter
Usage
VHF()
Description
Calculates the Vertical Horizontal Filter indicator.
Volatility
Usage
VOL([MAPERIODS,ROCPERIODS])
- maperiods
- Moving average periods.
- rocperiods
- Rate of change periods.
Description
Calculates Chaikin’s Volatility indicator, using the given number of moving average periods, and the given number of periods for the rate of change. Maperiods and rocperiods are each set to 10 if they are not given.
The Volatility Chaikins indicator measures the difference between high and low prices. This formula is used to indicate the top or bottom of the market. This formula was developed by Marc Chaikin.
Example
vol(15,20)
Volume Oscillator
Usage
OSCV(N1,N2,METHOD,DIFFTYPE)
- n1
- Length of first moving average used in calculation.
- n2
- Length of first moving average used in calculation.
- method
- Type of moving average, such as exponential.
- difftype
- Points or percent.
Description
Calculates the volume oscillator, using n1 and n2 length moving averages, calculated using the method moving average method, with the given difference calculation type used.
Example
oscv(14,21,SIMPLE,POINTS)
See Also
Weighted Close
Usage
WC()
Description
Calculated the Weighted Close indicator according to the formula: (close*2 + high + low)/4
Wilder’s Smoothing
Usage
WILDERS(EXPR,N)
- expr
- Data to be smoothed.
- n
- Smoothing periods.
Description
Smooths expr using Wilder’s Smoothing indicator over n periods.
Example
wilders(CLOSE,14)
Williams’ %R
Usage
WILLR(N)
- n
- Number of periods.
Description
Calculates Williams’ %R indicator over n periods.
Example
willr(14)
Williams’ A/D
Usage
WILLA
Description
Calculates Williams’ A/D indicator.
ZigZag
Usage
ZIGZAG(EXPR,CH,METHOD)
- expr
- The data being processed. Eg: Close.
- ch
- Minimum reversal amount.
- method
- Reversal method. Points or Percent.
Description
Calculates the ZigZag indicator for the data given in expr.
Example
zigzag(C,10,%)
See Also